عنتر صالح نصر سيف العبسري

ملخصالدراسة

      أصبح التعليم بكل مستوياته وفروعه مفتاحالتقدم والتطور في حياة الإنسان للخروج من نفق التخلف والجهل والفقر والمرضوالتبعية السياسية والاقتصادية ، وهو أحد ركائز التنمية بأبعادها المختلفة فحسب بلهو أيضاً حق إنساني يلزم توفيره والحصول عليه ، ولا نستطيع إقامة مجتمع حديث بدونالأفراد المتعلمين وتزداد هذه الأهمية بازدياد التقدم التكنولوجي ، وطبيعة معظمالمهن الحديثة ، وما تتطلبه من معرفه ومهارات ،التي جعلت هذه الظروف من التعليمالوسيلة الأكثر أهميه للتنافس وللحراك الاجتماعي ، فالمستوى التعليمي للإنسانونوعيه التعليم الذي يحصل عليه من أهم ما يؤثر في فرص حياته لهذا أصبحت فرصالتعليم وفرص الاستمرار في المستويات المختلفة له وظروف النجاح والقدرة علىالانجاز من الأمور المهمة التي تستحق الدراسة والبحث والتفسير .

   ولذلك فإن ما يعانيهالمجتمع من تخلف وفقر وجهل ومرض يرجع في الأساس إلى تدني وتخلف التعليم في كلجوانبه وهو بالطبع ليس سبباً في الأساس إلى تدني وتخلف التعليم في كل جوانبة         اًو في حد ذاته ولكن هناك عوامل والسباب أخرى متداخلة ومترابطة فيه منها عواملسياسيه واقتصاديه واجتماعيه وثقافيه وسكانية وبيئيه وتاريخيه وجغرافيه ... الخ

     كما أن الحرمان من التعليم يصبح مكوناًأساسياً من مكونات الفقر الإنساني ، ولتوضيح ذلك أن الأفراد الأميين والأسرةالأمية تكون أقل إنتاجاً وتشغل وظائف تدر دخلاً ضعيفاً ، وتعيش في مستوى منخفض منالمعيشة وتكون تحت خط الفقر .

  ولحيث أن تباين الخلفية  الطبقية للأسرة لا تؤثر فقط في مستويات التحصيلالدراسي ، وإنما تؤثر في فرص التعليم وفرص إكمال الدراسة أيضاً ، فأبناء الطبقةالفقيرة أكثر تعرضاً للتسرب ، وأقل حظاً في الالتحاق بالجامعة ومن أجل ذلك قامتالعديد من الدراسات التي أوضحت أثر العوامل الاقتصادية – الاجتماعية والبيئية علىمستوى تحصيل الطلاب الدراسي .

     كذلك وجدت هذه الدراسة أن هناك علاقة طرديهبين نسب الفقر ونسب الأمية من جهة وعلاقة عكسية بين نسب الفقر ومعدلات الالتحاقبمدارس التعليم الأساسي في الريف اليمني من جهة أخرى .

    ولهذا أن التسرب يكون بمعدلات عاليه بينالفقراء ويعود ذلك إلى تخلف مستوى التعليم وتدني العائد العلمي والمهني للتعليم،وأخيراً ضغط ارتفاع الأقساط المدرسية على موازنة الأسرة الفقيرة على عدم قدرتهاعلى إرسال أطفالها إلى المدرسة وعدم استطاعتها توفير متطلبات المدرسة وأيضاً حاجهالأسرة إلى عمل أولادها لتوفير لها الحياة المعيشية المناسبة والضرورية .وهذا يوضحمدى الحرمان من لتعليم والنقص الكبير في الإمكانات اللازمة للوصول إلى التعليم ،وعدم توافر الإمكانيات المادية والوقت الكافي للسكان وبخاصة الفقراء منهموانشغالهم بدلاً عن ذلك في تحسين الدخل الذي يشغل معيشتهم اليومية ومن ثم ينعكسهذا الفقر على إمكانياتهم و معارفهم ومهاراتهم وقدراتهم .

الـمحتويات

الفصلالأول : الإطار العام للبحث

أولاً:مشكلة البحث

ثانياً:أهمية البحث

ثالثاً:أهداف البحث

رابعاً:منهجية البحث

خامساً:تسائلات البحث

سادساً:المفاهيم والتعاليم

الفصلالثاني

الإطارالنظري للبحث

لمحةتاريخية عن تطور العملية التعليمية والتربوية في اليمن

أولاً: فيالمحافظات الشمالية

ثانياً: فيالمحافظات الجنوبية

النظرياتالمفسرة للبحث

أولاً:النظرية البنائية الوظيفية

ثانياً:نظرية الصراع

ثالثاً:نظرية رأس مال الثقافي

رابعاً:نظرية الاقتصاد السياسي

الدراساتالسابقة

أولاً :الدراسات العربية

ثانياً:البحوث اليمنية

ثالثاً:البحوث الأجنبية

الفصل الثالث

العواملالمؤثرة في العملية التعليمية

الفصلالرابع :

البحثالميداني

إجراءاتالبحث

المناهجالمستخدمة في البحث

الفصلالخامس

التحليلالميداني وتفسير النتائج

Abstract

 1) objective to this study was tofind out the economic factors - social influencing the failure of educationprovince pilgrimage through the questionnaire, a number of families andteachers in Huta as a urban and Radfan as a rural , a field study compared ,was the questionnaire ( 200 ) Family equally distributed (100 ) Family in Hutaand ( 100 ) Family Department buttocks on the grounds that Radfan as a controlon the one hand low and fails to education sentenced a number of economicfactors - social , educational , environmental and population , and the city ofHuta as a group trial any education in the city of Huta walking functioningnormally and differs from the Directorate buttocks of saving possibilities ,buildings and teachers , and the situation of the family in terms of economicand social development in improved somewhat with the comparison with thesituation of families in Radfan as that environmental factors and population inthe city of Huta does not pose any significant impediments to the failure ofeducation uncle is prevalent in some areas of the Directorate buttocks .

2) thedistribution of the sample surveyed by type males and females as the number ofmales in the city of Huta proportion (87%) while the number of females (13 % )and in Radfan number of male proportion (94%) and the number of females (6%)and constitutes a total kind at the county level in terms of male ( 90.50 % )and the number of females ( 9.50 % ) .

   The majority ofrespondents surveyed average age is between ( 40-30 years old ) who are fromthe adult category . In terms of the number of family members surveyed most ofits numbers ranging from ( 6-10 ) members , make up the percentage ( 42.5 % )of the sample , while the socially most of the respondents are of the categoryof married and numbered on the level of directorates together (165 ) familyrate ( 82.5 % ) and constitute most of the family income at the level of thecountryside between ( 20-30 ) thousand riyals while constitute most of thefamily income level of urban between ( 50-60 ) thousand riyals , while at thelevel of the profession Vickl majority of them teachers and is a percentage (18.5 % ) and are the highest for the rest of the other professions .

3) the educational status of thefamilies surveyed.

     Thenumber of family members who have graduated from the university in the city ofal-Hota (35) of the males and 26 females , while the graduates of theuniversity in Radfan (42) of male and female population (7) , while the totalnumber of family members who have graduated of the number of males in the cityof al-Hota (42) and the number of females (30) of respondents in the Radfanreached secondary education the number of males (62) and the number of females(14) at the level of basic education for the families surveyed in the city ofHuta number of males (54) The number of females (42) In Radfan The number ofmales (62) and the number of females (68) .

          Thenumber of dropouts from the males in the City Huta basic education numbered(10) and the number of females (14) , and in Radfan number of male dropouts(26) and the number of females (19), while the number of dropouts in secondaryeducation in the city of Huta numbered males ( 7) and the number of females(12) , and in Radfan number of male dropouts (18) and the number of females(27) of the sample surveyed .

4) shown by the results of the fieldstudy factors that worsen the position of public education in the province ofLahej in Huta are economic and social situation of the family , while thesample in Azaravrad Radfan that the reason was due mainly to corruption withthe state.

5 ) the results of the field studydemonstrated that among the main factors behind the weakness of academicachievement when pupils and students province pilgrimage is to rely on cheatingin exams .

6) the results of the field studydemonstrated that the main factors that cause behind the weak pupils andstudents to continue to study the governorate of pilgrimage is the inability ofthe family to afford education.

7) shown by the results of the fieldstudy Lahj that the main factors behind the rise in the phenomenon ofrepetition and dropout in primary and secondary schools is the lack of jobopportunities after graduation from primary and secondary education .

8) the results of the study demonstratedthat the vulnerability of cooperation and continuing relevance between familyand school in the city of Huta is the family's poverty and preoccupation withother work while respondents in Radfan that the reason for this is the failureof the media to educate the members of the community the importance ofeducation .

9) theresults of the field study demonstrated that the most important shortcomingsthat plague public education in the city of Huta is the lack of adequate numberof buildings while the main shortcomings that plague education in Radfan is thesmall number of teachers in public education .

10) , as shown by the results of thefield study on the level of directorates Huta , buttocks that the nature of thedifferences arising between parents and children towards education is theresult of poverty, illiteracy, head of the family .

11) shown by the results of the study atthe level of the two samples Alambhuthtin that education should be mixed to thesixth grade and the percentage of supporters in the city of Huta to (50%) ofthe sample , while the percentage of supporters in Radfan to (46%) of thesample .

    As shown by thefield study on the assumption that education is a separate City Huta because ithelps deviation and the percentage of supporters of this trend (40%) , while inthe Radfan reached the proportion of supporters of this trend (68%) of thesample .

12) shown by the field study in the cityof Huta that the reasons for the poor efficiency of the teacher and hisexperience in teaching is mainly due to the busy teacher other work outside theframework of teaching and reaching the highest rate for this reason (39%) ofrespondents , while indicating the sample in Radfan that reason is the weaknessof teacher training and up the highest percentage of supporters of this trend(54%) of respondents surveyed .

13) , as shown by the field study in thecity of Huta that among the reasons behind the weak presence of schools in someareas of the province of Lahej due largely essential to the lack of supportservices for it , and reach the highest percentage to 49% in favor of thistrend , while indicating the sample in Directorate The reason is that thebuttocks scattering of villages and spacing and up to the percentage ofsupporters (57%) of the sample .

15) shown by the field study in the cityof al-Hota said the reasons for the weakness of school administrations provinceof Lahej , the highest rate of multiple choice is poor planning and supervisionby the authorities concerned and the percentage of supporters (45%) ofrespondents , while respondents in Radfan support this cause and by ( 55 % ) ofrespondents surveyed .

16) , as shown by the field study in thecity of Huta of the reasons that hinder students from tertiary education arethe result of the lack of job opportunities after graduation from theuniversity and the proportion of supporters of this trend (49%) of respondents, while respondents in Radfan assert that the reason is the inability of thefamily to pay the costs of the study and the highest percentage (57%) of thesample .

17) , as shown by the field study in thecity of Huta is the effect of the economic factor - social family and educationwhere indicated respondents that this factor affects education and familysubstantially supports this trend (65%) of respondents in the Directoratesupports this factor by ( 73%) members of the eye.

    It also showedthe sample on the impact factor of population and environmental education andfamily in the city of Huta that this factor significantly affect the ratio ofsupporters (60%) of respondents surveyed , while respondents in the Directorateof view contrary to that this factor affects education and family moderately Theproportion of supporters of this trend (46%) of respondents surveyed .

   Also showedrespondents in the city of Huta that education in urban and rural areas are notmoving in the same direction and of the highest percentage of supporters by (42%) , while the sample supports this trend in Radfan and by ( 55 % ) among thevarious options.

18) also showed respondents in the cityof Huta showing the norm in the appointment of educational leaders currentlyrelies upon the desire of the ruling party and of the highest percentage (49%)of respondents surveyed , while respondents in Radfan support this trend and by( 75% ) of respondents surveyed