ملخصالدراسة

تعد مدينة الحديدة من المدن اليمنيةالمهمة في التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر ، نظراً للموقع الجغرافي المتميز الذي تشغلههذه المدينة بإطلالها على البحر الأحمر الذي يعد من بحار العالم المهمة ، وبوابةالمشرق العربي والجزيرة العربية .

كانت الحديدة محل اهتمام الكثير منالباحثين والمؤرخين سواء كانوا من العرب أو الأجانب الذين زاروا المدينة ، وشاهدوامعالمها الحضارية ، وأحوالها الاجتماعية والسياسية والاقتصادية ، وما قدمته منخدمات في شتى مجالات الحياة ، لذلك كانت محط أنظار الدول الأوربية الكبرى ، وقبلةللتسابق من أجل الاستيلاء عليها ، خصوصاً بين كل من بريطانيا وفرنسا وإيطاليا .

ونظراً للأهمية التاريخية لهذه المدينة، وللدور الكبير الذي قامت به في تاريخ اليمن عموماً ، وتاريخ تهامة خاصة  ، وللإسهامات التي قدمتها في رسم الصورةالسياسية والحضارية لبلاد اليمن في العصر الحديث ، معتمدة في ذلك على موقعهاالفريد  ، وإطلالها على البحر الأحمر ،وتحكمها في منافذ اليمن البحرية خاصةً بعد تراجع دور مينائي  غلافقة والمخا من جهة ، ووقوعها على الطريق الرئيسي للحج ، وكذلك طريق التجارة التي تربطبين عدن والحجاز من جهة أخرى ، فضلاً عن أدوارها السياسية المهمة التي كان لهاالدور البارز والفعال في تاريخ هذه المنطقة .

ومن هنا جاءت هذه الدراسة والمعنونة بـ( الحديدة دراسة تاريخية سياسية 1914-1921 ) لتلقي الضوء على تاريخ هذه المدينةالعريقة ، والوقوف أمام الحدث الأبرز في هذه الرسالة ، ألا وهو الاحتلال البريطانيللمدينة .

تكونت الدراسة من ثلاثة فصول مقسمة إلىمباحث ، تضمن الفصل الأول أربعة مباحث تناولت الموقع الجغرافي لمدينة الحديدة ،ونشأة المدينة وتطورها ، وكذلك سكان المدينة وصفاتهم وأهم أنشطتهم ، فضلاً عنالتقسيم الإداري في لواء الحديدة ، وفي الفصل الثاني درس الباحث الحديدة عشيةالحرب العالمية الأولى ، والتنافس الاستعماري الأوربي عليها ، وصراع الإمامة معقبائل تهامة ، وفي الفصل الثالث تناول الباحث أهمية البحر الأحمر الذي تقع الحديدةعلى شاطئه ، واندلاع الحرب العالمية الأولى ودخول الدولة العثمانية إلى جانب دولالمحور ، وإلى موقف القوى اليمنية أثناء الحرب العالمية الأولى ، وأخيراً الاحتلالالبريطاني لمدينة الحديدة ، والمفاوضات بين الإمام وبريطانيا بشأن استعادةالمدينة، وانتهت هذه الدراسة بخاتمة .

فهرس المحتويات

Abstract

The city of Hodeidah Yemen important cities in the modern andcontemporary history, given the site's geographical location occupied by aspectacular view of the city on the Red Sea, one of the world's seas function,and the gate of the Arab Middle East and the Arabian Peninsula.

It was Hodeidah interest of many researchers and historians, whetherthey are Arabs or foreigners who have visited the city, and saw the ruins ofcivilization, and their social and political, economic, and provided servicesin various areas of life, so the focus of attention of major Europeancountries, and a kiss to race in order to capture them, particularly betweenBritain, France, Italy.

Given the historic importance of this city, and the major role it playedin the history of Yemen in general, and the date of the Tihama particular, andthe contributions made by the drawing's political and cultural of the countryof Yemen in the modern era, relying on its unique position, and the ruins of theRed Sea, and control at ports of Yemen Navy, especially after the decline inthe role of ports Glafqh and Mokha on the one hand, and the location on themain road of pilgrimage, as well as the trade route linking Aden and the Hijaz,on the other, as well as political roles task that had a prominent role andeffective in the history of this region.

Hence the present study, entitled (b Hodeidah historical study ofpolitical during the period 1914 to 1921) to shed light on the history of thisancient city, and stand in front of the main event in this letter, namely, theBritish occupation of the city of Hodeidah.

Formed the study of three chapters divided into Investigation, whichincluded the first chapter four of Detectives took the geographical location ofthe city of Hodeidah, and the origins of the city and its development, as wellas the city's residents and their attributes and the most important activities,in addition to the administrative division in the banner of Hodeidah, and inChapter II study researcher Hodeidah on the eve of World War I, and competitionfor colonial European it, and the conflict Imamate with the tribes of Tihama,and in Chapter III addressed the researcher importance of the Red Sea, whichlies Hodeidah on the beach, and the outbreak of the First World War and theentry of the Ottoman Empire to the Axis powers, and the position of the forcesof Yemen during the World War, and finally the British occupation of the cityof Hodeidah, and negotiations between the Imam and Britain over the restorationof the city, and ended the study conclusion.

When a fire broke out the First World War, and moved its influence toall parts of the world mission, including Yemen, which was that day theinternational conflict raging between Britain and the Ottoman Empire, as wellas the ambitions of Italy where, the Hodeidah covered in quiet significantlyunder Ottoman control, and with the complexity of strings colonial policy inthe region and the development of international conflict, occupied the privateand Hodeidah, Yemen Tihama plain exceptional public importance in the movementof foreign diplomats, and in the powers of local schemes that try to impose itscontrol over the city, in the form of Imam Yahya Hamid al-Din and Mohamed BinAli Al-Idrisi.
In the conflict of these forces and foreign and domestic alike, was the victorlast Imam Yahya Hamid al-Din, who managed to impose his authority on the coastof Tihama from north to south, and was able to expel Aladrash of Tihama afterweak influence in the region, and Italy were unable to obtain to the impactmade on the coast of Yemen, Britain's position because of opposition to itspresence in the region, and went all the rosy dreams of the possibility of theoccupation of at least part of Yemeni territory unheeded.

As for Britain, the superpower victorious in World War I, did not haveto stay in Hodeidah and surrounding areas, and preferred to withdraw and stayin Aden, to complete control of indirect Reserves South Yemen, and stand theregenerally moves Imam to try to restore control of the reserves or even thinkingin the restoration of Eden.

The biggest loser in that game that there were many parties, is theOttoman Empire, which came out empty-handed from Yemen, because of the defeatevil in the war, and left its military Yemen humiliated on board British ships.

Was imposed under such difficult circumstances in Yemen, and in thecoastal areas in particular to be part of the State of the Imam after thewithdrawal of the Ottoman Empire of which, is that the interests of colonialpowers and the position of Mohammed bin Ali Al-Idrisi may enter the region inthe midst of a bitter struggle, leaving the negative effects large very region,has declined its economic and damaged tribes, people and incurring heavylosses, especially in the city of Hodeidah exposed to more of the siegeinflicted considerable damage, as well as the simmering mass of artilleryshelling of the city on the eve of the British occupation.

القاموس