محسنة سعيد الكازمي

ملخصالدراسة

تعدٌالأسرة الوحدة البنائية الأساسية في المجتمع ، الذي يتكون من أفراد وجماعات تقومبينهم علاقات اجتماعية تمثل بناء النسق الاجتماعي للمجتمع ، وهذا البناء يؤدي إلىاستمرار وبقاء وتوازن المجتمع في حالة تحقيقه للضرورات والأهداف الاجتماعية لأفرادالمجتمع ، وإذا حدث خلل في هذا البناء فلن يؤدي الوظيفة التي من شأنها أن تشبعحاجات الأفراد،فإذا ما حدث هذا الخلل فإنه حتماً سوف يؤدي إلى انحراف في سلوكالأفراد ، وارتكابهم السلوك الإجرامي بهدف إشباع حاجاتهم .

          يسعىهذا البحث إلى الكشف عن طبيعة مشكلة انحراف الفتيات ، وهي إحدى المشكلاتالاجتماعية التي نتناولها بالبحث والدراسة والتعاطي (في إطار الموروث الثقافيوالاجتماعي والاقتصادي والديني) الذي يعدٌ الأسرة من المقدسات والمحرمات التي لايسمح بالخوض فيها على الصعيد اليمني أو العربي أو الشرقي عموماً . لقد مراليمن  بالعديد من الظروف الاجتماعيةوالاقتصادية والسياسية التي تشكلت منها شخصية أفراد المجتمع ، وتشكل منها الواقعالاجتماعي للفرد, حيث تبلورت هذه الظروف في العديد من ملامح الحياة الاجتماعيةللمجتمع ، ومنها الحالة الاقتصادية التي أدت إلى صعوبة الحياة وقلة فرص العملوكثره البطالة، الأمر الذي جعل الفرد يعيش في قلق وتوتر وعصبية انعكست في تعاملهمع أفراد أسرته ، وهذا التعامل أخذ اتجاهين، أحدهما : التعامل بالشدة والعنفوالقسوة ، وهذا الأمر إذا زاد عن الحد الأقصى صعب تحمله،وأدى بالتالي إلى خروج الأفرادوتمردهم عن معيار الضبط بهدف الخلاص من هذا العنف والشدة ضدهم ، الأمر الذي يحملهؤلاء الأفراد على ارتكاب سلوكيات غير سوية (انحرافية) . والاتجاه الآخر : أسلوبعدم الاهتمام والرعاية بأفراد الأسرة أو محاولة ضبطهم عن طريق التوبيخ والتجريح ،الأمر الذي يؤثر في الجانب النفسي للأفراد والذي قد يقودهم إلى الانحراف عن القيموالمعايير الاجتماعية والدينية ومن ثم ارتكاب سلوكيات منحرفة وربما إجرامية .

 وقد ارتكزت الدراسة على الاتجاهات النظرية الآتية :

-       النظرية الوظيفية التي تنظر إلىالمجتمع على أنه نسق متكامل يتكون من مجموعة من الأنساق الفرعية يؤدي كل نسق وظيفةمعينة من أجل تكامل واتزان واستقرار النسق الكلي، فإذا اختل أي نسق في أداء وظيفتهأثر ذلك في الأنساق الأخرى، مما يؤدي إلى عدم تكامل النسق . ⁽³⁾

-       نظرية المخالطة الفاصلة  ترى هذه النظرية أن السلوك  الإجرامي المتعلم - من خلال التفاعل مع أشخاصآخرين في عملية اتصال داخل المجتمع - والجانب الأساسي في السلوك الإجرامي المتعلميظهر داخل الجماعات الشخصية ذات العلاقات الوثيقة .⁽⁴⁾

-       النظرية الاقتصادية  وترى النظرية أن الظروف  الاقتصادية التي يعيشها الفرد لها دور بارز فيتوجيه سلوكه نحو الانحراف .

 لذلك تنقسم هذه الدراسةإلى جانبين :  نظري وميداني .

 اشتمل الجانب النظري على ثلاثة فصول : الفصلالأول : منهجية الدراسة والتي تنطلق من تحديد مشكلة الدراسة وأهميتها وأهدافهاوفرضياتها والمنهج المستعمل ووسائل جمع البيانات والمجالات التي اشتملت عليهاالدراسة . كما تناول الإطار النظري للدراسة والذي اشتمل على  ثلاث نظريات علمية وكذلكالمفاهيم التي اعتمدت عليها في الدراسة .

فيما يتناول الفصل الثانيأهم الدراسات السابقة في الانحراف وهي ثلاث دراسات، دراسة أجنبية وعربية ويمنية .

بينما اشتمل الفصل الثالثعلى عدة مباحث ، أولها : الدوافع الاقتصادية التي تتمثل في الفقر والبطالة والهجرة. واشتمل المبحثان الثاني والثالث الآخر على الدوافع الاجتماعية التي ترتكز علىالتفكك الأسري والطلاق ودور التنشئة الاجتماعية في تقويم سلوك الفتاة من خلالمؤسسات التنشئة والتي تأتي في مقدمتها الأسرة التي تعدٌ الركيزة الأساسية في تربيةالأبناء وتوجيه سلوكهم وتنشئتهم التنشئة العقائدية الصحيحة ، تأتي بعدها المدرسةكدور مكمل لدور الأسرة التي من خلالها يستنبط مفاهيم التعليم الأساسية ، وكذلك دوروسائل الإعلام التي تعدٌ سلاحاً ذا حدين، فهي من ناحية قد تكون وسيلة نافعة منوسائل الثقافة والرقي بالذوق  العام  للأفراد والجماعات ، و من  ناحية أخرى إذا أهملت أو أسيء استخدامهاواستعمالها ولم توجه التوجيه الصحيح لصالح الفرد والجماعة والمجتمع قد تصبح سلاحاًهداماً يساعد على الانحلال بدلاً من التماسك وعلى الجمود والتخلف بدلاً من الرقيوالنمو المرغوب فيه . ⁽⁵⁾

وكذلك دور المسجد ورؤيةالإسلام في تفاقم هذه الظاهرة والحد منها من خلال عملية الترغيب والترهيب التيتدعم بالكتاب والسنة .

ويتناول المبحث الرابعجريمة الزنا ، والعقوبة المقررة لها ، ومسقطات حد هذه الجريمة، وينطلق المبحثالخامس من دور مؤسسات الرعاية الاجتماعية والمجتمع المدني في مساعدة الفتيات للحدمن هذه الظاهرة من خلال إقامة مراكز للرعاية والتأهيل قبل وبعد انقضاء مدة العقوبةالمقررة لهن في السجن في حالة الحكم عليهن .

ويتناول الفصل الأخير الفصلالرابع مقدمة تمهيدية لموقع مدينة عدن وكذلك مديريات محافظة عدن التي تمت فيهاالدراسة الميدانية .

الـمحتويات

Abstract

Torecognize the perversion which is the subject of our research, and theseperversions that is occurring in the specimen society is the girls prostitutionwhich is forming a big ratio among our girls in the specimen society.  Also, to recognize the causes that led toincreasing this kind of phenomena and its widely existence in Aden governorateamong the girls categories under the existence of Arabian Muslim Society.

Thissocial phenomena is considered one of the dangerous phenomena that treats ofweakening the religious, customs, behaviors values, and humanly concise.  Through briefing the actual Yemeni societyand briefing on the economical , social, psychological, and humanly status andwhat the Yemeni society had experience from the development of different partsof the life especially in the scientific life. The technological revolution which became a double edge weapon on ourchildren if they misused this technology, also the twist in the family valuesthrough the change in understanding some of customs and mores wrongly suchwrong understanding that leads to recognize the customs and mores as a wrapsfor barbarity and un development and to convoy with era around us.

Initializingthe real factors behind the perversion that lead to the appearance of suchphenomena and its 777 that made this phenomena to be larger and widely spreadin our specimen society that is Aden. The effects that the perversive girl causes on her family and on thesociety as a whole and the related psychotic and swelter rabblement that leadsto suicide or escape to another place in which they will not be recognizedin.  Flinging from this aspect it is necessaryto concentrate in our study on the following factors:-

1-     Theactual factors that is behind spreading this phenomena and the value and socialchanges in the society.

2-     Recognizingthe nature of the relation between the religion and family nurture bind and theoblique behavior of the girls.

3-     Revealingthe important factor of economical, social, literature, educational, and theseparation from the religion values in the family.

4-     Recognizingthe extent of the change in understanding the family nurture, and the absencesand the separation from religion initiation and values.

5-     Theimportance in revealing the external environment extent of the perverse girlsuch as neighbors, school, and friendship.

Alsoto reveal the procedures that would control the problem of nurture level in thefamily and its factors then after to control its effects and treat it with thepossible solutions and rewards, also to explain the factors that led to enlargethe phenomena in noticeable and apparently way in Aden city, the study specimen.

Thisstudy aims to enlighten the aspects of the social phenomena in order to realizethe causes and factors and initiatives the leads the girls to comet suchperversive behavior, it also aims to analyze the actual social status of thegirl that she was living in it  beforeand after committing this crime, also to recognize the circumstances that madeher drawn in such issue which led her to the delusion and libertinismconsidering that the fornication crime is one of the worst crimes, Such crimeis an extraordinary, and dangerous crime in which virtue is placed by lewdness,decency placed by profligacy, and impudence deletes the beauty of shyness, andthat the great god not only in our religion but in all the divine religionsstated, as per the meaning of the chapter of AL EASRA in the holy Koran atstatement number 32, that to never get to fornication because it is a greatcrime and leads to delusion.

Thusthe great canon have considered the fornication crime as one of the worstcrimes that affects the family  which isthe base stone of the society.  Thereforethe canon sentence on the person committing this crime is to be thrown by stoneor flogged.  Also, the legal law thatsupports restraining such perversions and reducing them, the Yemeni lawmakerhad chartered in the Yemeni constitution of the sentence and crime law of theyear 1994 AD, as per the article number 278 by restraining and sentence thefornicators, whether they were vestal or non vestal of both gender, by floggingthem or throwing stone on them or isolating them from the society for thispurpose most of the laws and divine religions were found to protect the humanfrom various crimes and to protect him from getting in such crimes.  In this study the explanation method is usedsince it is considered as the most appropriate method for studying this issueand the analyzing method to reveal the changes that occurred on the nature ofthe family and the whole society.  Alsothe statistical method that comply with numbers and grade to collect the dataof the specimen society in order to collect the data about the phenomena of theresearch.  These tools are assigned asper the method used and the aims of the research.  The tools that were used are the openlymeetings that aims for explaining the ambiguous answers of the questions thatare contained in the questionnaire,  thequestionnaire is a list in which a group of questions are listed anddistributed among the targeted individuals of the specimen society.

Hencethe study was summarized in the facts that the economical and social factorshave the most effects in the girls perversion due the poverty that is sufferedby some families of the targeted category of the study specimen.

To recognize the perversionwhich is the subject of our research, and these perversions that is occurringin the specimen society is the girls prostitution which is forming a big ratioamong our girls in the specimen society. Also, to recognize the causes that led to increasing this kind ofphenomena and its widely existence in Aden governorate among the girlscategories under the existence of Arabian Muslim Society.

This social phenomena isconsidered one of the dangerous phenomena that treats of weakening thereligious, customs, behaviors values, and humanly concise.  Through briefing the actual Yemeni societyand briefing on the economical , social, psychological, and humanly status andwhat the Yemeni society had experience from the development of different partsof the life especially in the scientific life. The technological revolution which became a double edge weapon on ourchildren if they misused this technology, also the twist in the family valuesthrough the change in understanding some of customs and mores wrongly suchwrong understanding that leads to recognize the customs and mores as a wrapsfor barbarity and un development and to convoy with era around us.

Initializingthe real factors behind the perversion that lead to the appearance of suchphenomena and its 777 that made this phenomena to be larger and widely spreadin our specimen society that is Aden. The effects that the perversive girl causes on her family and on the societyas a whole and the related psychotic and swelter rabblement that leads tosuicide or escape to another place in which they will not be recognizedin.  Flinging from this aspect it isnecessary to concentrate in our study on the following factors:-

1- The actual factors that is behind spreading this phenomenaand the value and social changes in the society.

2-Recognizing the nature of the relation between the religion and family nurturebind and the oblique behavior of the girls.

3-Revealing the important factor ofeconomical, social, literature, educational, and the separation from thereligion values in the family.

4-Recognizingthe extent of the change in understanding the family nurture, and the absencesand the separation from religion initiation and values.

5-Theimportance in revealing the external environment extent of the perversegirlsuch as neighbors, school, and friendship.

Alsoto reveal the procedures that would control the problem of nurture level in thefamily and its factors then after to control its effects and treat it with thepossible solutions and rewards, also to explain the factors that led to enlargethe phenomena in noticeable and apparently way in Aden city, the studyspecimen.

Thisstudy aims to enlighten the aspects of the social phenomena in order to realizethe causes and factors and initiatives the leads the girls to comet suchperversive behavior, it also aims to analyze the actual social status of thegirl that she was living in it  beforeand after committing this crime, also to recognize the circumstances that madeher drawn in such issue which led her to the delusion and libertinismconsidering that the fornication crime is one of the worst crimes, Such crimeis an extraordinary, and dangerous crime in which virtue is placed by lewdness,decency placed by profligacy, and impudence deletes the beauty of shyness, andthat the great god not only in our religion but in all the divine religionsstated, as per the meaning of the chapter of AL EASRA in the holy Koran atstatement number 32, that to never get to fornication because it is a greatcrime and leads to delusion.

Thusthe great canon have considered the fornication crime as one of the worstcrimes that affects the family  which isthe base stone of the society.  Thereforethe canon sentence on the person committing this crime is to be thrown by stoneor flogged.  Also, the legal law thatsupports restraining such perversions and reducing them, the Yemeni lawmakerhad chartered in the Yemeni constitution of the sentence and crime law of theyear 1994 AD, as per the article number 278 by restraining and sentence thefornicators, whether they were vestal or non vestal of both gender, by floggingthem or throwing stone on them or isolating them from the society for thispurpose most of the laws and divine religions were found to protect the humanfrom various crimes and to protect him from getting in such crimes.  In this study the explanation method is usedsince it is considered as the most appropriate method for studying this issueand the analyzing method to reveal the changes that occurred on the nature ofthe family and the whole society.  Alsothe statistical method that comply with numbers and grade to collect the dataof the specimen society in order to collect the data about the phenomena of theresearch.  These tools are assigned asper the method used and the aims of the research.  The tools that were used are the openlymeetings that aims for explaining the ambiguous answers of the questions thatare contained in the questionnaire,  thequestionnaire is a list in which a group of questions are listed anddistributed among the targeted individuals of the specimen society.

Hencethe study was summarized in the facts that the economical and social factorshave the most effects in the girls perversion due the poverty that is sufferedby some families of the targeted category of the study specimen .