عمر عبد العزيز قاسم الشرجبي

   تأثير المسافات الزراعية :

   تأثير التفاعل بين الأصناف و المسافات الزراعية

فهرس الـمحتويات

Summary

This study was conducted at theexperimental farm Nasser's Faculty of Agricultural Sciences - University ofAden – Lahg (NFAS-L/A) during the agricultural seasons 2007/2008 and 2008/2009to study the effect of varieties and plant space on the characteristics ofgrowth Vinca ''Catharanthus roseus (Linnaeus) George'' . And toachieve this has been the following :

Production of seedlings was done atthe nursery of horticulture department of the (NFAS-L/A) . Two types of  C. roseus cv. Rosea(violet cultivar) and C. roseus cv. Alba (white cultivar) were selected . Seeds ofeach type separately were taken from plants grown in the nursery after thematurity of the fruit and before the bloom . The Cultivation of these seeds wasconducted  immediately after harvest on landequipped with two parcel  (1.5 � 1.5 m) each was mixed withsand , light soil and agriculture manure .The land then was plowed of leveledand the seeds were broadcast and covered with a layer of sand . Irrigation wasadded using spray method daily . Germination appeared after a week of sowing ,Upon reaching the length of (10 - 15 cm) after about 8 weeks after germination the seedlingswere transferred to the permanent land which is ideal duration for Vinca seedlings . Seedlings were planting in thepermanent land of (NFAS-L/A) where theland was prepared for a deep plows and leveled . The land was then divided onto parcels of (3,6 M²)added each of mature manure was added on to each parcel at rate (7 kg/parcel) .

The experiment was designed by Randomized completeBlock in four replicates and included 8 transactions resulted from theinteraction between the two varieties of plant Vinca Catharanthus roseus(Linnaeus) G. Don. (Violet cultivar) C. roseus cv. Rosea and C.roseus cv. Alba (White cultivar) and four planting spaces between plants is(30 � 30 cm),(45 � 30 cm),(60 � 30 cm),(60 � 45 cm)and took readings for the growth characteristics (plant height, plant expansion, stem diameter , area leaf , leaf size (length leaf , width leaf , petiolelength ) , flowers number , pod length , seeds number / pod , seeds weight /pod , the proportion of nitrogen inleaves, the proportion of phosphorus in the leaves) , next four months aftertransplanting .

While the readings (flowering period ,time taken foropening from bud , time taken for withering , flower diameter, peduncle length, flower fresh weight) , two months after transplanting in both seasons.

    The readings(primary branches number / plant , secondary branches number/plant , freshweight of shoots / plant , dry weight of shoot / plant , root length , rootsnumber , fresh weight of roots / plant , dry weight of roots / plant , weretaken end of the season after 6 months of transplanting.

Can be summarized the most important results obtainedin the following:

Effect ofvarieties :

A - Vegetativegrowth

Violet cultivar C. r. cv. Rosea gave the highestvalues of the attributes of vegetative growth and had a moral superiority intraits (plant height, fresh weight of shoots, dry weight of shoots), while nota superior moral qualities in (plant expansion , stem diameter , leaf area ,leaf length , width leaf) in both seasons.

While white cultivar C. r. cv. Alba product wasmorally superior to (primary branches number/plant , secondary branchesnumber/plant) was not a moral superiority in the length of petioles in bothseasons.

B -Flowering growth

It was noted that the White cultivar C. r. cv. Albawas the firstborn in the flowering season is moral I and II, as well as morallysuperior in the number of flowers and blossom of the flower one where we stayedas long as flowers on the plant in both seasons and gave a greater length ofthe peduncle in both seasons.
While it may be the Violet cultivar C. r. cv. Rosea the fastest in the openingof the flower bud , and may outweigh the moral weight of the fresh flowerseasons , and achieved the largest diameter of the flower in both seasons.

C - Fruiting growth

It was noted that the white cultivar C. r. cv. Albawas morally superior in the number of seeds / pod in both seasons.

While it may be the violet cultivar C. r. cv. Roseamay outweigh the moral in the length of the pod in both seasons, while it mayequal the cultivars in weight of seeds / pod in the first season, but more thanthe violet cultivar seed weight / fruit in the second season .

C - Rooting growth

Than violet cultivar C. r. cv. Rosea is a moral in thenumber of roots / plant , fresh weight of roots / plant, dry weight of roots /plant for two seasons, while not morally superior in root length / plant inboth seasons.

D - Chemicalconstituent of leaves

       It wasnoted that the violet cultivar C. r. cv. Rosea may outweigh the moral in theproportion of nitrogen and phosphorus in the leaves in both seasons.

   Effect of planting spaces:
   A - Vegetativegrowth

   The increasein agricultural spaces significant decrease in plant height , where it was theleast that when the distance (60 � 45 cm) and more that when the distance (30 � 30 cm) , while The increasein agricultural spaces significant increase in (primary branches number/plant ,secondary branches number / plant , leaf area , size leaf (leaf length, leafwidth, petioles length) , fresh weight of shoots, dry weight of shoots) it wassuperior distance (60 � 45 cm)in all the qualities, while the former has surpassed the distance ( 60 � 30 cm) significantly in thespread of the plant was not a moral superiority in stem diameter in bothseasons.

B – Flowering and Fruiting growth

      It wasnoted that the distance (30 � 30 cm) may rise early in flowering and gave the fastesttime in the number of days needed to open the flower of the bud, as a result ofwhich the largest period of flowering of each flower is a moral in bothseasons, while the given distance (60 � 30 cm) the best values in the followingqualities are moral (flower diameter , flower fresh weight, number of seeds inthe pod , while not in the moral superiority of (the length of the pod , seedsweight in pod) in both seasons , and was the number of flowers increases withtheir distance farm where he excelled distance (60 � 45 cm) is moral in the numberof flowers was not a moral superiority in the length of the neck of the flowerwhich gave the least length of peduncle .

C - Rooting growth

      Increasethe distance of Agriculture led to the significant decrease in root length ,number of roots in both seasons , but root length was not significant shortfallin the first season , while the opposite happens , any increase distancesagriculture led to the significant increase in both fresh and dry weight of rootsin both seasons.

D - Chemical constituent of leaves

       We notethat the distances increase agricultural lead significant increase in theproportion of nitrogen to leaves and non-significant increase in the ratio ofphosphorus to the leaves in both seasons, where results showed that thedistance (60 � 45 cm)was significantly outperformed in the proportion of nitrogen in the leaves andthe non-moral superiority in the proportion of phosphorus in the securities inboth seasons.

Effect of the interaction betweenvarieties and planting spaces

A - Vegetative growth

        Gave thereaction product C. r. cv. Rosea with distance (30 � 30 cm) significantlyincreased in plant height, while the reaction product with the distance (60 � 30 cm) gave a significantincrease in the spread of the plant, and non-significant increase in stemdiameter (in the second season), to the effects of interaction between the samecultivar with the distance (60 � 45 cm) gave a significant increase in the number of primarybranches/plant , leaf length (in the first season) , fresh and dry weight ofshoots/plant and also the impact of the interaction between the cultivar C. r.cv. Rosea with the distance (60 � 45 cm) gave non-significant increase in stem diameter andleaf width in the first season.

           Whilethe output of the given interaction cultivar C. r. cv. Alba at large distance(60 � 45 cm)significant increase in the number of secondary branches/plant , leaf area ,leaf length (in the second season) , while giving the interaction between theproduct C. r. cv. Alba and the distance (60 � 30 cm) non-significantincrease in the petioles length in both seasons, while the same cultivar C. r.cv. Alba in the distance (60 � 45 cm) led to increased non-significant in the presentationof the leaf in the second season.
B -Flowering growth

      Given the interaction of cultivars with agriculture spaces to increasegrowth of the characters flowering studied , was found to be cultivar C. r. cv.Alba to the distance (30 � 30 cm)led to early flowering and significant differences compared to othertransactions, and gave the soon to open the flower of the bud , give a longerflowering period of each flower on the plant in both seasons , the number offlowers was the most product at the White C. r. cv. Alba in the distance (60 � 45 cm) and significantdifferences from the rest of the transactions in both seasons, and the sameproduct gave the largest diameter of the flower when the distance (60 � 30 cm) , but the violetcultivar C. r. cv. Rosea at a distance of Agriculture (60 � 45 cm) may exceed the weightof fresh flower in the second season, while cultivar C. r. cv. Alba hasexcelled in the first season at the distance (60 � 30 cm) The peduncle lengthhave been recorded the largest index in the cultivar C. r. cv. Alba and at adistance of Agriculture (60 � 45 cm) in the first season and when the distance (30 � 30 cm) in the second season.

C - Fruiting growth

       Theinteraction between white cultivar C. r. cv. Alba to the distance (60 � 30 cm) in the impact ofincreasing the pod length and seeds weight /pod which gave this treatment thehighest values in the pod length and seeds weight /pod , also resulted inhigher values in the number of seeds /pod from the cultivar C. r. cv. Roseawith the distance (30 � 30 cm)in both seasons was found on cultivar C. r. cv. Rosea has given the bestindicators of the attributes of growth Fruiting when the distance (30 � 30 cm) , while cultivar C. r.cv. Alba had given the best indicators of Agriculture at a distance (60 � 30 cm) .
D -Rooting growth

         It wasnoted that the interaction of the cultivar C. r. cv. Rosea with distance (30 � 30 cm) has led to asignificant increase in the length and number of roots / plant in both seasons, while the interaction of the same cultivar with the distance (60 � 45 cm) to a significantincrease in fresh and dry weight of the root /plant both seasons andsignificant differences compared to most treatments , while cultivar C. r. cv.Alba was superior to cultivar C. r. cv. Rosea only gave it a longer and morenumber of roots / plant at a distance of Agriculture (30 � 30 cm) and had achieved thehighest fresh and dry weight of roots / plant when grown as a valuable distance(60 � 45 cm).

E - Chemical constituent of leaves

        Reactionproduct gave the cultivar C. r. cv. Rosea with distance (60 � 45 cm) increasedsignificantly in the proportion of nitrogen and phosphorus in leaves in bothseasons and had observed significant differences between some of the treatments, which increased this percentage to increase agricultural spaces in bothcultivars since the lowest values resulted from the distance (30 � 30 cm) in both cultivars .