طاهر أمين الشراعي

ملخص الدراسة

فهرس الـمحتويات

Summary

    Red meat is considered one of the main important goods that form Yemenifood style. However, the average share for every person in Yemen is quite less, i.e. 4.5 KG per year for theperiod from 1998 to 2007. The red meat is considered an important part inanimal products, i.e. it shares with the value of ( 35.1 ) billion Yemeni Rialand this equals 30% of the animal product; 11% in the agricultural product;1.4% in the Dom product for that period.

    Yemen has big numbers of animalsthat produce red meat, e.g. from sheep, goats, and cows. These animals arrivedduring the period of study about 6764, 6725, 1393, 303, thousand respectively.This equals about 1360, 1420, 1393, 402 thousand animal units respectively. Theproductive meat has the average of 62.6 thousand tons. In spite of that, wefind production of red meat doesn't satisfy the nutrient needs for people. Thisis because of many obstacles and limitations that overcome development theproduction of this sector. The most prominent of these obstacles are: lack ofmarketing services care; factors of infrastructure for the markets are notexisted; traditional marketing styles that based on selling and buying, etc.

    So this study aims at finding and analyzing the real fact for animalsand red meat marketing in the Republic of Yemen. This study aimsalso at identifying delivering and places of animal wealth; and knowing thelimitations and obstacles that concerned with the marketing system for thissector. These factors affect negatively the product development and the incomeof growers/farmers. Then it can be arrived to sets of results that may beuseful to put some suggestions, views and important visions that may help toimprove the markets and incomes of farmers/growers of animals. Moreover, thesepoints of view may help to develop the production, marketing and consumptionthe red meat in the Republic of Yemen.

    In regard to achieve the general objective of this study, its specificobjectives are limited into: studying the real fact and current marketingsystem for livestock and red meat. Then, studying the factors that affect onmarketing, finding the expenses and marketing margins, studying and analyzingthe marketing efficiency for red meat and livestock that produce this meat willbe discussed in this study. 

    This study used the analytical and descriptive style for data andinformation that the research got.

This study is depended on the data fromstatistical and marketing publishes that issued from Ministry of Irrigation andAgriculture, the Central System for Statistics, and The General Corporation forSlaughtering and Meat Markets. In addition to references, issues, magazines,researches, and the scientific studies that concerned with the research. Thedata are also taken from the documents of the scientific symposiums and issuesof FAO.

     The data are taken also from the field study that carried out in IbbGovernorate as a sample to study the reality of marketing system for red meatin the Republic of Yemen. It was foundthat:

The data concerned with the prices oflivestock and meat through filling in the tables that prepared in advance bygoing to the field, i.e. markets of selling animals and meat during the year2008.

1-     A questionnaire was carriedout for a sample (simple randomly) for the growers of livestock which contains( 100 ) farmers/growers from ( 11 ) districts. Theses districts represent about55% from the total number of the districts in Ibb Governorate. The sections ofthe questionnaire focused on: the origins of these animals and livestock whichare grown by farmers; limited factors for preparing sold animals in markets;factors of choosing markets to sell these animals in, etc.

2-     Carrying out field questionnairefor a sample ( simple random ) that contains about ( 45 ) merchants forlivestock in ( 14 ) markets for selling livestock in Ibb Governorate. The mainparts of this questionnaire were focused on influence drought season, rainseason, religious occasions, and different seasons on the movement animals andlivestock in these markets.

3-     Carrying out aquestionnaire for a sample ( simple random ) that aimed about (30) merchants (butchers ) for red meat who represent approximately 51.7% for the total numberof butchers and their number is 58 butchers in the capital of the governorate.This questionnaire focused on specialization side ( profession ), numbers andkinds of animals that are slaughtered weekly, origins of slaughtered animals,places of carrying out the slaughtering, etc.

Generally, there are some factors thatcontrol the grown livestock: availability of food, straw, and places of grazingfor these animals; and availability of water and shepherds. Since the severeshortage of food, straw, water; the farmers try to supply their livestock forsale even with low prices. Not only that, the expenses of growing animals, i.e.prices of straw and food; the economic benefit from growing up animals;possibility of marketing; availability aids of transportation; and costs oftransport are important limitations for preparation grown livestock for growersand producers.

     The choice of growers and producers for markets that they import theiranimals to on the basis of some factors which are: place of the market and thedistance to it; availability of transport; costs of transport; prices ofmarkets; marketing expenses in these markets.

    On the religious occasions, the nutrient style in Yemen changes, i.e. the size ofconsuming increases, and this increasing is in the meat of small cows- beef aswell as old cows. The consumption of sheep and goat's meat decrease duringRamadan, the month of fasting in the Islamic countries like Yemen. The consumption of oxen'smeat, rams and goats increase during (Thee Al-Hejah) ( Eid Aladhha), becauseMuslims need these animals as sacrificed animals. Their prices increase so muchin this season, whereas consumption of beef and small animals decreases in thisspecial season.

     The number of animals in the markets is influenced according to thedifferent year seasons, i.e. it is noticed increasing the numbers of animalslike sheep, goats, small calves and oxen in the markets during summer andautumn because of improvement of their weights. This is a result of availabilityfood, grass, straw, water, etc. their prices get better because of increasingof social occasions in Ibb Governorate.

     The opposite happens in winter and spring, i.e. for all the previousmentioned animals, because of big drawing from them during summer and autumnseasons. Furthermore, their prices decrease a little bit.

     To estimate the marketing efficiency for livestock and red meat duringdifferent marketing stages, the study depended on: analysis of marketingmargins for evaluating the size of marketing expenses with marketing functionsthat are introduced in all the marketing stages for livestock and red meat. Thestudy found out decreasing factor of marketing efficiency for most the red meatin Ibb.  This is because of increasing theamount the marketing margin for the red meat and animals that produce thismeat. The increasing of benefits of merchants from this margin, i.e. thisincreased the prices of meat among butchers who sell meat.

            Thisstudy came up with some conclusions as follows:

• The traditional styles in the process of producing and marketing the red meat and livestock that produce this kind of meat are used in a commonplace. The weakness of productive abilities for livestock from local origins; smallness and widespread these animals; disappearance of healthy statistics in regard to preparing these animals and their focus in Yemen.
• Weakness of infrastructure for markets and their farness form the areas of production; increasing the expenses of marketing, this results with decreasing the benefits of the farmers/growers because livestock merchants take them with low price from the growers in the areas of production. This will limit growing of animals and livestock with the farmers and growers.
• Wasting of the animal wealth and lose in product weight for the meat because of the increasing small slaughtered animals in the places of slaughtering. This is comes back to the interest of the government by income side, and neglecting the economic side of the country.
• Increasing the economic value for the disappeared kinds of red meat in the central slaughtering markets- Ibb Governorate. The small merchants will pay big amounts of money which is about 249327000 Yemeni Rials during the year 2008 as a result of diseases and parasites that affected these animals. This is comes back to the absence of health limits for the imported animals. In addition, the absence of the governmental role to fulfill the veterinary services for the animal wealth in the areas of production.
• Weakness of marketing services in the field of animal wealth; absence the funded corporations which are directed to the animal wealth in general and producing the red meat in particular.
• Absence of the governmental role in the field of production and marketing of the red meat; weakness of production the red meat as a result of lack of funded policies of the government in this field; and the weakness of the infrastructure and the current productive frames.
• Decreasing the consumption of the red meat because of the high increased prices as a result of absence the prices policies the limit the meat prices. The absence of overseeing and supervision on the meat markets, cheating cases which are practiced against the customers and consumers.

So, to develop the production sectorand the red meat marketing, the study recommends the following:

• The necessity of improving the local animal species that produce the red meat
• To concentrate and focus the veterinary services for this wealth
• To support the research programs of development the natural graze places by inserting the grazed straw and grass which have valuable nutrition and high qualities.
• Development the sources of irrigated and wet straw that will lighten grazing pressure on the natural grazing places and participation to limit from its consumption.
• To exist and equip special markets to sell animals and meat and to exist measures those appoint the price of the animals.
• Rehabilitation of the current markets and developing their performance.
• Decreasing the expenses of slaughtering and constructing modern slaughtering places at the areas of production.
• To pass laws those prohibit slaughtering small livestock like beef.
• Supporting the cooperative work between growers\farmers in the process of production and marketing.
• Sealing the different kinds of meat that lead the customer at the time of buying.
• To assure the supervision and overseeing on the meat markets and appointing the prices of meat by the government.
• Appointing the benefits of the marketing mediums and following up the people who play with prices.
• Carrying out procedures of marketing studies; and studying the consumption of the red meat by comprehensive system through field researches that comprehend and contains rural and urban areas to estimate their geographical delivering.

To estimate theconsumption to do productive consumptive maps for these kinds of meat in allover areas of Yemen.